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Biography

(b Aix-en-Provence, France, January 19 1839 ; d Aix-en-Provence, France, October 22 1906) French painter. Paul Cézanne is known as one of the most influential artists in the development of modern art. Born in the south of France to a wealthy banker, Cézanne demonstrated artistic talent at an early age. In 1862, after much dispute with his father, Cézanne moved to Paris to study art. In his earliest period of work, the Romantic Period 1864-9, ... (view more)

(b Aix-en-Provence, France, January 19 1839 ; d Aix-en-Provence, France, October 22 1906) French painter. Paul Cézanne is known as one of the most influential artists in the development of modern art. Born in the south of France to a wealthy banker, Cézanne demonstrated artistic talent at an early age. In 1862, after much dispute with his father, Cézanne moved to Paris to study art. In his earliest period of work, the Romantic Period 1864-9, Cézanne combined dark paint tones with highly personal subjects; these works were consistently rejected by the Salon. Cézanne studied under Camille Pissarro from 1872-3, and drew from the influences of contemporary artists Claude Monet and Auguste Renoir. As a result, Cézanne cultivated a style of plein air (outdoor) painting with bright hues, which focused on scenes of rural farmland and country landscapes. In 1874, Cézanne presented his work in the historic Sculptuers et Graveurs exhibition; an event which directly inspired the term ‘Impressionism.’ He exhibited with this group once again in 1877, although his work continued to receive harsh criticism. In the late 1870’s and 1880’s, Cézanne alternated living between Paris and Aix-en-Provence; working in increasing isolation. During this Constructive period, Cézanne created works that revealed an Impressionist influence; though he used quickly applied, short, parallel brush-strokes, characteristic of Monet, Renoir and Pissarro, Cézanne failed to achieve the same delicacy and sensual effect of its originators. In 1886, Cézanne’s father died, leaving him a large inheritance and enabling him to live independently and permanently in Aix-en-Provence, where he developed a mature style centered on the still-life. “In the 1890s his still-lifes achieved their peak with a number of paintings and watercolors depicting various objects, usually fruit, jugs and baskets, placed on a tabletop. Using a relatively narrow range of elements, in every composition Cézanne rearranged them in such a way as to create a pictorial statement of remarkable grandeur and profundity.”* After Cézanne’s death in 1906, the Salon d’Automne honored his lifetime achievement with a large retrospective exhibit. (*Credit: Sotheby’s, New York, Impressionist and Modern Art Evening Sale, May 8, 2007, Lot 8)
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