Alexander (1821) Gardner Sold at Auction Prices

Daguerreotypist, Photographer, b. 1821 - d. 1882

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  • Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882). Photograph of Brulé Sioux Chief Spotted Tail and Wife.
    Jul. 17, 2026

    Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882). Photograph of Brulé Sioux Chief Spotted Tail and Wife.

    Est: $400 - $600

    Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882). Photograph of Brulé Sioux Chief Spotted Tail and Wife. Albumen photograph, 7 1/2 x 5 in. (including margins), on 9 3/8 x 6 7/8 in. cardstock mount, featuring Brulé Sioux Chief Spotted Tail and his wife (toning, light soiling to print and mount, otherwise very good). Spotted Tail is seated on a stump with a pipe, blanket, and beaded tobacco bag, while his wife is seated at his feet, wearing a fringed dress and beaded necklace. The photograph is numbered "338" in the negative. Uncredited, but originally taken by Alexander Gardner in Washington, DC, in 1872. Tribal Chief Spotted Tail (1823-1881) was a major figure in Sioux relations with the United States government during the latter half of the nineteenth century. He participated in the Grattan Massacre in 1854, but decided not to join in Red Cloud's War in the late 1860s, having determined that the Indians' armed resistance of white encroachment was largely futile. Instead, he took to speaking and negotiating on behalf of his tribe, including signing the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie, which established the Great Sioux Reservation. Spotted Tail traveled several times to Washington, D. C., mostly in the 1870s, to defend the rights of his people, especially to their land. He met with many important government officials during these trips including Commissioners of Indian Affairs Ely S. Parker and John Quincy Smith, and President Ulysses, S. Grant. Spotted Tail was, in the end, destroyed probably by his own fame and/or ego, as he was killed by a jealous sub chief, Crow Dog, after allegedly stealing the wife of a crippled man. Though he certainly made a name for himself in his own right, it is also possible that Spotted Tail was the uncle of the famed warrior, Crazy Horse, as two of his sisters were married to the elder Crazy Horse. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Chicago.

    Freeman’s
  • Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882). Boudoir card of Big Foot, Oglala taken in Washington, D.C., 1872.
    Jul. 17, 2026

    Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882). Boudoir card of Big Foot, Oglala taken in Washington, D.C., 1872.

    Est: $300 - $400

    Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882). Boudoir card of Big Foot, Oglala taken in Washington, D.C., 1872. Boudoir photograph of Big Foot, Oglala, uncredited but originally taken by Alexander Gardner in Washington, DC, in 1872 (toning, occasional soiling, and some edge and corner wear to mount). Big Foot was part of Red Cloud’s Oglala delegation to Washington in 1872. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Chicago.

    Freeman’s
  • Alexander Gardner Son of the Sun Kiowa Photo
    May. 23, 2026

    Alexander Gardner Son of the Sun Kiowa Photo

    Est: $600 - $800

    4 1/2" by 7 1/2". Son of the Sun is the name of the tribal culture hero who brought the Tai-me or Ten Grandmother bundles to the tribe, the center and basis of Kiowa religious belief. Only a man from a leading family would have been allowed the honor of carrying this title. Provenance: The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography

    Davis Brothers Auction
  • Alexander Gardner Son of the Sun Kiowa Photo
    May. 23, 2026

    Alexander Gardner Son of the Sun Kiowa Photo

    Est: $600 - $800

    4 1/2" by 7 1/2". Son of the Sun is the name of the tribal culture hero who brought the Tai-me or Ten Grandmother bundles to the tribe, the center and basis of Kiowa religious belief. Only a man from a leading family would have been allowed the honor of carrying this title. Provenance: The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography

    Davis Brothers Auction
  • Alexander Gardner Two Strike's Wife Indian Photo
    May. 23, 2026

    Alexander Gardner Two Strike's Wife Indian Photo

    Est: $1,500 - $2,000

    Taken in 1867 during a visit to Washington DC, during the signing of the Medicine Lodge Treaty. Photo Subject 11" by 14". Two Strike (1831-1914) was a fierce opponent on the battlefield, having received his name after he unhorsed two men with one swing of his war club in the midst of a battle with the Ute. Two Strike participated in and witnessed numerous battles against the US Army during the Plains Indian Wars, Great Sioux Wars, and at Summit Springs in July of 1869. He also notably served as a principal chief over a large group of Brulé and Oglala braves during the attack on a band of Pawnee Indians at Massacre Canyon in August of 1873. It is reported that he was also a proponent of the Ghost Dance movement, which led to the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890. Provenance: The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography

    Davis Brothers Auction
  • [Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882), or William Henry Jackson (1843-1942)]. Albumen photograph of Medicine Bear, Yankton Dakota. [Washington, D.C., 1872].
    May. 15, 2026

    [Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882), or William Henry Jackson (1843-1942)]. Albumen photograph of Medicine Bear, Yankton Dakota. [Washington, D.C., 1872].

    Est: $1,000 - $2,000

    [Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882), or William Henry Jackson (1843-1942)]. Albumen photograph of Medicine Bear, Yankton Dakota. [Washington, D.C., 1872]. 7 1/4 x 5 1/4 in. albumen photograph on 14 x 11 in. Hayden Survey mount with credit at lower left to W.H. Jackson. A studio view of Yankton Sioux Chief Medicine Bear. Research indicates that the photograph was originally taken by Alexander Gardner in 1872, although it has also been credited to William Henry Jackson. These deluxe prints were produced by William Henry Jackson and distributed to members of Congress, whose assistance in securing increased appropriations for his department, F.V. Hayden, sought. Provenance: American Indian Photography Collection of John W. Painter (1929-2008); Cowan's, American History, 11 June 2015, Lot 311; Freeman's, The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography, 24 October 2025, Lot 252. ? This lot is located in Philadelphia.

    Freeman’s
  • [Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Long Fox, Dakota. [Washington, D.C., 1872].
    May. 15, 2026

    [Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Long Fox, Dakota. [Washington, D.C., 1872].

    Est: $1,000 - $2,000

    [Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Long Fox, Dakota. [Washington, D.C., 1872]. 7 1/4 x 5 1/4 in. albumen photograph on 11 x 14 in. Hayden Survey mount with credit at lower left to W.H. Jackson. A studio view of Yankton Dakota Indian Long Fox, or Ta-Tan-Ka-Han-Ska, originally taken by Alexander Gardner in 1872. William Henry Jackson printed the series, but he did not make most of the portraits included. These deluxe prints were distributed to members of Congress, whose assistance with increased appropriations for his department F.V. Hayden wished to solicit. Provenance: American Indian Photography Collection of John W. Painter (1929-2008); Cowan's, American History, 15 November 2019, Lot 393; Freeman's, The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography, 24 October 2025, Lot 255. ? This lot is located in Philadelphia.

    Freeman’s
  • [Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Good Buffalo, Oglala Lakota. [Washington, D.C., 1872].
    May. 15, 2026

    [Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Good Buffalo, Oglala Lakota. [Washington, D.C., 1872].

    Est: $1,000 - $2,000

    [Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Good Buffalo, Oglala Lakota. [Washington, D.C., 1872]. 7 1/4 x 5 1/4 in. albumen photograph on 14 x 11 in. Hayden Survey mount with credit at lower left to W.H. Jackson. A studio view of Oglala Lakota Indian Good Buffalo, or Ta-Tan'-Ka-Was-Te,' originally taken by Alexander Gardner in 1872. William Henry Jackson printed the series, but he did not make most of the portraits included. These deluxe prints were distributed to members of Congress, whose assistance in securing increased appropriations for his department F.V. Hayden sought. Provenance: American Indian Photography Collection of John W. Painter (1929-2008); Cowan's, American History, 15 November 2019, Lot 396; Freeman's, The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography, 24 October 2025, Lot 254. This lot is located in Philadelphia.

    Freeman’s
  • [Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Bull's Ghost, Lower Yanktonai. [Washington, D.C., 1872].
    May. 15, 2026

    [Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Bull's Ghost, Lower Yanktonai. [Washington, D.C., 1872].

    Est: $1,000 - $2,000

    [Gardner, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Bull's Ghost, Lower Yanktonai. [Washington, D.C., 1872]. 5 1/4 x 7 1/4 in. albumen photograph on 11 x 14 in. Hayden Survey mount with credit to W. H. Jackson, below image. Numbered "277" in the negative and identified in pencil on verso. An intimate studio profile portrait of Lower Yanktonai leader, Bull's Ghost, originally taken by Alexander Gardner in 1872. Bull's Ghost served as Sitting Bull's mouthpiece in the Ghost Dance exercises. Having only one eye, he was purportedly called "One Eyed Riley" by whites. (See McLaughlin, James. My Friend the Indian, 203). Provenance: Freeman's, The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography, 24 October 2025, Lot 253. This lot is located in Philadelphia.

    Freeman’s
  • Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Photographs of Identified Sioux, including Skin of the Heart and Two Bears, ca 1872
    Apr. 10, 2026

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Photographs of Identified Sioux, including Skin of the Heart and Two Bears, ca 1872

    Est: $1,500 - $2,500

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Photographs of Identified Sioux, including Skin of the Heart and Two Bears, ca 1872 albumen photographs lot of 5, includes: "Walking Shooter" or "Wa-Ku'-Ta-A-Ma'-Ni," Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux, numbered in pencil at lower right "267." -- "Bears Nose" or "Ma-To-Pa-Ge," Cut Head Sioux, numbered in pencil at lower right "287." -- "Skin of the Heart," or "Shanta-Ya," Cut Head Sioux, numbered in pencil at lower right "289." -- "Two Bears" or "Ma-To-No-Pah," Lakota Sioux, numbered in pencil at lower left "281." -- "Charge on the Hawk" or "Hawk-Tske-Tan-Vua-Tak-Pah," Brule Sioux, numbered in pencil at lower right "346." each approx. 6 1/2 x 4 in. or smaller, on later cardstock mounts, each uncredited but originally taken by Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) in Washington, DC, ca 1872 The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography

    Freeman’s
  • Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Lakota Chiefs Blackhorn and Blue Horse, 1872
    Apr. 10, 2026

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Lakota Chiefs Blackhorn and Blue Horse, 1872

    Est: $1,500 - $2,500

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Lakota Chiefs Blackhorn and Blue Horse, 1872 albumen photographs lot of 4, includes: two albumen photographs of Sicangu Lakota Chief Blackhorn, or Tahe Sapa/Hah-Sah-Pah, each approx. 6 3/8 x 4 in. on later cardstock mounts numbered in pencil at lower right "801" and "802" respectively. The prints lack a studio imprint but were originally taken by Alexander Gardner in Washington, DC, in 1872. Provenance: Galerie Varnier, Paris, France; Ex Walter Banko, Montreal, Quebec. two albumen photographs of Oglala Lakota Chief Blue Horse, each approx. 6 1/2 x 4 in. or smaller, on later cardstock mounts numbered in pencil at lower right "311" and "312" respectively. The prints lack a studio imprint but were originally taken by Alexander Gardner in Washington, DC, in 1872. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Chicago.

    Freeman’s
  • Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Studio Portrait of Brulé Lakota Chief Two Strike's Wife. Washington, DC, 1872
    Apr. 10, 2026

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Studio Portrait of Brulé Lakota Chief Two Strike's Wife. Washington, DC, 1872

    Est: $1,000 - $2,000

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Studio Portrait of Brulé Lakota Chief Two Strike's Wife. Washington, DC, 1872 albumen photograph 7 1/4 x 5 1/4 in. albumen photograph on 14 x 11 in. Hayden Survey mount with credit at lower left to W.H. Jackson. A studio view of Brulé Lakota Chief Two Strike's wife, originally taken by Alexander Gardner in 1872. Two Strike (1831-1914) was a fierce opponent on the battlefield, having received his name after he unhorsed two men with one swing of his war club in the midst of a battle with the Ute. Two Strike participated in and witnessed numerous battles against the US Army during the Plains Indian Wars, Great Sioux Wars, and at Summit Springs in July of 1869. He also notably served as a principal chief over a large group of Brulé and Oglala braves during the attack on a band of Pawnee Indians at Massacre Canyon in August of 1873. It is reported that he was also a proponent of the Ghost Dance movement, which led to the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Chicago.

    Freeman’s
  • Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Studio Portrait of Big Mouth, Arapaho, ca 1872
    Apr. 10, 2026

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Studio Portrait of Big Mouth, Arapaho, ca 1872

    Est: $800 - $1,000

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Studio Portrait of Big Mouth, Arapaho, ca 1872 albumen photograph 7 1/4 x 5 1/4 in. albumen photograph on 14 x 10 3/4 in. mount. Although uncredited, the photograph is attributed to Alexander Gardner, and was likely taken while Big Mount was on a delegation in Washington, DC, ca 1872. The subject wears a peace medal and holds a pipe-tomahawk. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Chicago.

    Freeman’s
  • Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Son of the Sun, Kiowa, 1872
    Apr. 10, 2026

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Son of the Sun, Kiowa, 1872

    Est: $700 - $1,000

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Son of the Sun, Kiowa, 1872 albumen photographs two albumen photographs, each approx. 6 1/4 x 3 3/4 in. on later cardstock mounts numbered in pencil at lower left "408" and "409" respectively. The prints lack a studio imprint but were originally taken by Alexander Gardner in 1872. Son of the Sun is the name of the tribal culture hero who brought the Tai-me or Ten Grandmother bundles to the tribe, the center and basis of Kiowa religious belief. Only a man from a leading family would have been allowed the honor of carrying this title. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography

    Freeman’s
  • Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Many Horns, Lakota, 1872
    Apr. 10, 2026

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Many Horns, Lakota, 1872

    Est: $800 - $1,200

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Many Horns, Lakota, 1872 albumen photograph 7 1/4 x 5 1/4 in. albumen photograph on 14 x 10 3/4 in. cardstock mount. With Jackson catalog number 733 written in negative. Taken 20 September 1872 during a delegation trip to Washington, DC. Many Horns holds an ivory-head cane said to have been given to him by Lincoln. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography

    Freeman’s
  • Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Red Lodge, Cut Head, Dakota, 1872
    Apr. 10, 2026

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Red Lodge, Cut Head, Dakota, 1872

    Est: $800 - $1,200

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Red Lodge, Cut Head, Dakota, 1872 albumen photograph 7 1/2 x 5 in. albumen photograph on 11 x 7 in. mount. Marked in the negative, "290." Unmarked but taken by Alexander Gardner, 20 September 1872. Red Lodge, also known as Pi-pi-sha, was a member of the Yanktonai Dakota delegation to Washington, DC, who visited the Capitol between September 15 and the 20th. Although they negotiated with the government, no treaty was signed. The number, 290 in the neg. is William Henry Jackson's entry number in his 1874 and 1877 Catalogue of photographs in the US Geological Survey. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography

    Freeman’s
  • Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) High Wolf, Oglala Lakota, 1872
    Apr. 10, 2026

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) High Wolf, Oglala Lakota, 1872

    Est: $1,000 - $2,000

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) High Wolf, Oglala Lakota, 1872 albumen photograph 7 1/4 x 5 1/4 in. albumen photograph on 14 x 11 in. Hayden Survey mount with credit at lower left to W.H. Jackson. Beautifully toned studio view of Oglala Lakota High Wolf, or Shun-To'-Ke-Cha-Ish-Han-Ska, originally taken by Alexander Gardner in 1872. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Chicago.

    Freeman’s
  • Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Foolish Bear, Lower Yankton Dakota, ca 1872
    Apr. 10, 2026

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Foolish Bear, Lower Yankton Dakota, ca 1872

    Est: $1,500 - $2,500

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Foolish Bear, Lower Yankton Dakota, ca 1872 albumen photograph 7 1/4 x 5 1/4 in. albumen photograph on 14 x 11 in. Hayden Survey mount with credit at lower left to W.H. Jackson. A studio view of Yankton Dakota Indian Mato Witkotko, Grizzly Bear or Mad Bear or Foolish Grizzly Bear, originally taken by Alexander Gardner, ca 1872. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Chicago.

    Freeman’s
  • Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Wicked Bear, Brulé Lakota, 1872
    Apr. 10, 2026

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Wicked Bear, Brulé Lakota, 1872

    Est: $1,000 - $2,000

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Wicked Bear, Brulé Lakota, 1872 albumen photograph 7 1/4 x 5 1/4 in. albumen photograph on 14 x 11 in. Hayden Survey mount with credit at lower left to W.H. Jackson. A studio view of Brulé Lakota Indian Wicked Bear, originally taken by Alexander Gardner in 1872. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Chicago.

    Freeman’s
  • Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Crazy Head and Spotted Wolf, Northern Cheyenne, ca 1870s
    Apr. 10, 2026

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Crazy Head and Spotted Wolf, Northern Cheyenne, ca 1870s

    Est: $700 - $1,000

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Crazy Head and Spotted Wolf, Northern Cheyenne, ca 1870s albumen photograph 7 1/2 x 5 1/4 in. albumen photograph on cardstock mount. Uncredited but originally taken by Alexander Gardner ca 1870, printed ca 1875. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography

    Freeman’s
  • Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Studio Portrait of Stabber, "Vua-Sha-Peh." Washington, DC, 1870
    Apr. 10, 2026

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Studio Portrait of Stabber, "Vua-Sha-Peh." Washington, DC, 1870

    Est: $700 - $1,000

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Studio Portrait of Stabber, "Vua-Sha-Peh." Washington, DC, 1870 albumen photograph 5 1/4 x 4 in. albumen photograph, tipped on ornately scrolled Blackmore Museum mount, 10 x 8 in. Lower margin of mount with credit to A. Gardner, Washington, DC, and imprint, "Photographed by Trustees of Blackmore Museum, Salisbury, England." The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Chicago.

    Freeman’s
  • Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Good Buffalo, Oglala Lakota. Washington, DC, ca 1870
    Apr. 10, 2026

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Good Buffalo, Oglala Lakota. Washington, DC, ca 1870

    Est: $800 - $1,200

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Good Buffalo, Oglala Lakota. Washington, DC, ca 1870 albumen photograph 5 1/4 x 3 3/4 in. albumen photograph, tipped on ornately scrolled Blackmore Museum mount, 11 x 10 in. Lower margin of mount with credit to A. Gardner, Washington, DC, and imprint, "Photographed by Trustees of Blackmore Museum, Salisbury, England." Handsome portrait of Good Buffalo wearing a peace medal, single hair feather, and dentalium earrings, taken ca 1870. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Chicago.

    Freeman’s
  • Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Sac and Fox and Kaw Delegation in Washington, DC., 1867
    Apr. 10, 2026

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Sac and Fox and Kaw Delegation in Washington, DC., 1867

    Est: $600 - $800

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Sac and Fox and Kaw Delegation in Washington, DC., 1867 albumen photograph 5 x 7 3/8 in. albumen photograph on later cardstock mount numbered "710" in pencil at lower left. The print lacks a studio imprint but was originally taken by Alexander Gardner in Washington, DC, in 1867. Identified subjects involved in the Sac & Fox and Kaw Delegation in Washington, DC, include (from left to right): Unknown (Sac & Fox), Many Scalps (Sac & Fox), unknown (Sac & Fox), Che-Ko-Skuk (Sac & Fox), Moses Keokuk (Sac & Fox), Lewis V. Bogy (Commissioner of Indian Affairs), Charles E. Mix (Chief Clerk, Bureau of Indian Affairs), Al-le-ga-wa-ho (Kaw), Ka-he-ga-wah-ti-an-gah (Kaw), and Wah-ti-an-gah (Kaw). The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Chicago.

    Freeman’s
  • ALEXANDER GARDNER (1821-1882). United States Overland Stage starting for De
    Jan. 23, 2026

    ALEXANDER GARDNER (1821-1882). United States Overland Stage starting for De

    Est: $120,000 - $180,000

    ALEXANDER GARDNER (1821-1882). United States Overland Stage starting for Denver from Hays City, 289 miles.... titled by an unknown hand in pencil with printed photographer's credit and title in ink (mount, recto)image/sheet: 12 ¾ x 18 5/8 in. (32.4 x 47.3 cm.)mount: 19 ¼ x 24 in. (48.9 x 61 cm.).

    Christie's
  • Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Scottish (two)
    Jan. 06, 2026

    Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Scottish (two)

    Est: $200 - $400

    THE UNITED STATES TREASURY BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D.C., two views circa 1874, two albumen prints, printed photographer's credit, images 6 7/8 x 9”, both on original sheets 12 x 17 ¾”. Provenance: from the collection of Susan and G. Ray Hawkins. (2)

    Clark's Fine Art & Auctioneers Inc.
  • Ulysses S. Grant Signature with Rank
    Nov. 22, 2025

    Ulysses S. Grant Signature with Rank

    Est: $200 - $400

    Ulysses S. Grant Signature with Rank on collotype portrait by Henry Washburn Berthrong (American, 1844-1928) after Alexander Gardner (Scottish/American 1821-1882). Framed under glass. Catalog note: A copy of this collotype, also with signature and rank, is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery, Washington DC.

    South Bay Auctions Inc
  • [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Long Fox, Dakota. [Washington, DC, 1872].
    Oct. 24, 2025

    [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Long Fox, Dakota. [Washington, DC, 1872].

    Est: $1,000 - $2,000

    [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Long Fox, Dakota. [Washington, DC, 1872]. 7 1/4 x 5 1/4 in. albumen photograph on 11 x 14 in. Hayden Survey mount with credit at lower left to W.H. Jackson. A studio view of Yankton Dakota Indian Long Fox, or Ta-Tan-Ka-Han-Ska, originally taken by Alexander Gardner in 1872. William Henry Jackson printed the series, but he did not make most of the portraits included. These deluxe prints were distributed to members of Congress, whose assistance with increased appropriations for his department F.V. Hayden wished to solicit. Provenance: American Indian Photography Collection of John W. Painter (1929-2008); Cowan's, American History, 15 November 2019, Lot 393. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Good Buffalo, Oglala Lakota. [Washington, DC, 1872].
    Oct. 24, 2025

    [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Good Buffalo, Oglala Lakota. [Washington, DC, 1872].

    Est: $1,000 - $2,000

    [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Good Buffalo, Oglala Lakota. [Washington, DC, 1872]. 7 1/4 x 5 1/4 in. albumen photograph on 14 x 11 in. Hayden Survey mount with credit at lower left to W.H. Jackson. A studio view of Oglala Lakota Indian Good Buffalo, or Ta-Tan'-Ka-Was-Te,' originally taken by Alexander Gardner in 1872. William Henry Jackson printed the series, but he did not make most of the portraits included. These deluxe prints were distributed to members of Congress, whose assistance with increased appropriations for his department F.V. Hayden wished to solicit. Provenance: American Indian Photography Collection of John W. Painter (1929-2008); Cowan's, American History, 15 November 2019, Lot 396. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Bull's Ghost, Lower Yanktonai. [Washington, DC, 1872].
    Oct. 24, 2025

    [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Bull's Ghost, Lower Yanktonai. [Washington, DC, 1872].

    Est: $1,000 - $2,000

    [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Bull's Ghost, Lower Yanktonai. [Washington, DC, 1872]. 5 1/4 x 7 1/4 in. albumen photograph on 11 x 14 in. Hayden Survey mount with credit to W. H. Jackson below image. Numbered "277" in the negative and identified in pencil on verso. An intimate studio profile portrait of Lower Yanktonai leader, Bull's Ghost, originally taken by Alexander Gardner in 1872. Bull's Ghost served as Sitting Bull's mouthpiece in the Ghost Dance exercises. Having only one eye, he was purportedly called "One Eyed Riley" by whites. (See McLaughlin, James. My Friend the Indian, 203). The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), or William Henry JACKSON (1843-1942)]. Albumen photograph of Medicine Bear, Yankton Dakota. [Washington, DC. 1872].
    Oct. 24, 2025

    [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), or William Henry JACKSON (1843-1942)]. Albumen photograph of Medicine Bear, Yankton Dakota. [Washington, DC. 1872].

    Est: $1,000 - $2,000

    [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), or William Henry JACKSON (1843-1942)]. Albumen photograph of Medicine Bear, Yankton Dakota. [Washington, DC. 1872]. 7 1/4 x 5 1/4 in. albumen photograph on 14 x 11 in. Hayden Survey mount with credit at lower left to W.H. Jackson. A studio view of Yankton Sioux Chief Medicine Bear. Research indicates that the photograph was originally taken by Alexander Gardner in 1872, although it has also been credited to William Henry Jackson. These deluxe prints were produced by William Henry Jackson and distributed to members of Congress, whose assistance with increased appropriations for his department F.V. Hayden wished to solicit. Provenance: American Indian Photography Collection of John W. Painter (1929-2008); Cowan's, American History, 11 June 2015, Lot 311. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of Slow Bull, Ta-Tan-Kah Hun-Ki-Sh-Neh. Washington, DC.
    Oct. 24, 2025

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of Slow Bull, Ta-Tan-Kah Hun-Ki-Sh-Neh. Washington, DC.

    Est: $1,000 - $1,500

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of Slow Bull, Ta-Tan-Kah Hun-Ki-Sh-Neh. Washington, DC. 5 1/4 x 4 in. albumen photograph, tipped on ornately scrolled Blackmore Museum mount, 12 x 10 in., ca 1870. A studio portrait of Slow Bull, aka Ta-Tan-Kah Hun-Ki-Sh-Neh, with feathers in his hair, wearing a hide warrior shirt, a neck tie and a bone breast plate. Lower margin of mount with credit to A. Gardner, Washington, DC, and imprint, "Photographed by Trustees of Blackmore Museum, Salisbury, England." The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of Lone Wolf, Tchan-Gm-Ani-To-I-Sh-Na-Lah. Washington, DC.
    Oct. 24, 2025

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of Lone Wolf, Tchan-Gm-Ani-To-I-Sh-Na-Lah. Washington, DC.

    Est: $1,000 - $2,000

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of Lone Wolf, Tchan-Gm-Ani-To-I-Sh-Na-Lah. Washington, DC. 5 1/4 x 4 in. albumen photograph, tipped on ornately scrolled Blackmore Museum mount, 12 x 10 in., ca 1870. Handsome portrait of Lone Wolf wearing a large silver cross, two hair feathers, and dentalium earrings. Lower margin of mount with credit to A. Gardner, Washington, DC, and imprint, "Photographed by Trustees of Blackmore Museum, Salisbury, England." The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of High Wolf, Tchan-Gm-Ani-Tah-An Ka-Ti-Ah. Washington, DC.
    Oct. 24, 2025

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of High Wolf, Tchan-Gm-Ani-Tah-An Ka-Ti-Ah. Washington, DC.

    Est: $1,000 - $1,500

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of High Wolf, Tchan-Gm-Ani-Tah-An Ka-Ti-Ah. Washington, DC. 5 1/4 x 4 in. albumen photograph, tipped on ornately scrolled Blackmore Museum mount, 12 x 10 in., ca 1870. The portrait shows High Wolf, or Tchan-gm-ani-tah-an ka-ti-ah, an Oglala Dakota man, wearing a hide warrior shirt decorated with beadwork, a bone breast plate, and a hat. Lower margin of mount with credit to A. Gardner, Washington, DC, and imprint, "Photographed by Trustees of Blackmore Museum, Salisbury, England." The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of Red Cloud and William Blackmore. Washington, DC, 1872.
    Oct. 24, 2025

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of Red Cloud and William Blackmore. Washington, DC, 1872.

    Est: $3,000 - $4,000

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of Red Cloud and William Blackmore. Washington, DC, 1872. 5 1/4 x 3 3/4 in. albumen photograph on 12 x 10 in. mount with imprint of Gardner, Washington, DC, and caption, "Red Cloud / Wm. Blackmore / Photographed for Trustees of Blackmore Museum, Salisbury, England." An extremely rare photograph of the famed Sioux Chief Red Cloud (1822-1909) shown with Blackmore, of whom few images exist. Blackmore had greatly desired to meet Red Cloud during the chief’s trip to Washington in 1870, but the press of business had kept him in England. Gardner finally recorded the meeting of the two, posed shaking hands, during the 1872 delegation. Although virtually unknown, William Henry Blackmore (1827-1878) was responsible for creating the core of the nation’s largest collection of Native American photographs. Trained as a solicitor, his true love was the American West, which inspired him to make frequent trips, invest heavily in land and collect Native American artifacts and photographs. Although he became a victim of fraud in his land speculations, which ultimately led to his suicide, his collections are his legacy. Blackmore helped fund Ferdinand Hayden’s Survey of the Territories, contracted photographers to record the Native Americans or acquire images already in their possession, and collected artifacts such as those excavated by Squier and Davis. To house his collection he built a museum in Salisbury, England. Blackmore’s photograph collection, however, is his major contribution to Native American studies. Before having the original photographs forwarded to him in England, he left them in the care of the Smithsonian Institution in the late 1860s so that they could be copied by Antonio Zeno Shindler. The original glass plate negatives of Indian delegations that he either obtained or contracted for on behalf of his museum were deposited in the Smithsonian. Along with the copy glass negatives, these form the core of its Native American photography collection. Blackmore visualized creating a comprehensive photographic record on the Native Americans. Working with Joseph Henry, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and Ferdinand Hayden of the US Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, he proposed a project that consisted of six to ten volumes, each containing 50 photographs with six to eight photographs per tribe. An expensive endeavor, Blackmore suggested that the Smithsonian undertake the work, but while the idea gained support, the proposal was not adopted due to lack of funding. Blackmore’s personal collection of 1,282 images (now in the British Museum) was arranged into 41 such folios. Now inspired by the vision of a more comprehensive publication and not deterred by the Smithsonian’s lack of funds, Blackmore and the Trustees of his museum embarked on their own publication scheme. A series of folios were produced, each containing loose albumen portraits on decorated mounts of a particular tribal group. Even given Blackmore’s wealth, they were expensive to produce. Only 10 different folios of approximately 241 photographs are known to have been printed and circulated. The first folio to be produced contained images of Oglala Sioux leaders taken by Gardner, including the rare photograph offered here. Provenance: American Indian Photography Collection of John W. Painter (1929-2008); Cowan's, American History, 15 November 2019, Lot 399. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Two albumen photographs taken at Fort Laramie, incl. Crow chiefs who signed the Treaty of 1868.
    Oct. 24, 2025

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Two albumen photographs taken at Fort Laramie, incl. Crow chiefs who signed the Treaty of 1868.

    Est: $1,500 - $2,500

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Two albumen photographs taken at Fort Laramie, incl. Crow chiefs who signed the Treaty of 1868. 2 albumen photographs, both 12 3/4 x 9 1/2 in. on original 19 1/8 x 14 1/8 in. mounts., with Gardner's imprint and "Scenes in the Indian Country" printed on mount rectos, and with penciled captions/identifications to lower margins. The first features a group of Crow chiefs who signed the 1868 Treaty and a white subject, identified as US lawyer Dr. H. M. Matthews (left). Crow subjects include, from left to right, Mountain Tail, Pounded Meat, Black Foot, Winking Eye, White Fawn, White Horse, Poor Elk, Shot-in-the-Jaw, Crow (or Crane), and Pretty Young Bull. The second features a group of Native, white, and mixed race family members including a white man named George Colhoff who had mustered out of military service at Fort Kearny and came to Fort Laramie in 1868 when the Treaty was signed. He married an Oglala Sioux woman and had children with her. Also pictured is white Interpreter Charles Gerue (spelled variously), who also married and had children with a Brulé Sioux woman. Mrs. Gerue and some of their children are also featured here. (Subjects identifications obtained via the Edward E. Ayer Digital Collection at the Newberry Library, which holds an example of this image with penciled identifications of the subjects on verso). After a deadly ambush of Captain William Fetterman's troops by a group of more than 2,000 Sioux along the Bozeman Trail in December of 1866, the United States initiated plans for a treaty conference purposed to "establish peace, define tribunal boundaries, and provide mechanisms for civilizing the Indians," as well as to hold the tribes collectively accountable to American laws. (Katz, D. Mark. Witness to an Era: The Life and Photographs of Alexander Gardner, 238). The result was the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie conference, which consisted of a series of meetings between US officials including peace commissioners and military representatives, and leaders of the Arapaho, Northern Cheyenne, Crow, and Brule, Oglala and Miniconjou Dakota, to negotiate the terms of the Treaty that would guarantee the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills in the Wyoming Territory and end Red Cloud's War. Alexander Gardner, working for the Indian Peace Commission, was the only photographer present at the Fort Laramie Treaty conference. Gardner arrived at Fort Laramie from Washington on 24 April and made photographs between late April and early May 1868. The conference brought together delegations of several tribes, including women and children, who lived in encampments during their stay at Fort Laramie. Gardner recorded daily life in those encampments along with the negotiations themselves, capturing activities like the distribution of gifts, the slaughter of cattle, women performing household chores, and even children playing. (Nottage, James. "A Treaty in His Lens: Alexander Gardner Photographs Fort Laramie, 1868.") Gardner departed from the conference with around two hundred negatives, half of which were approximately 8 x 10 in. views, which would be published as "Scenes in the Indian Country," like the example offered here. Journalist Raymond J. DeMallie noted that the immense value of these images lies not only in their documentation of the commissions, but in their being the "earliest surviving photographic records of the Indians of the Northern Pains taken in their own territory." (Katz, 245). The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Two albumen photographs taken during the Fort Laramie Treaty conference, incl. a group of infantry officers. 1868.
    Oct. 24, 2025

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Two albumen photographs taken during the Fort Laramie Treaty conference, incl. a group of infantry officers. 1868.

    Est: $2,000 - $3,000

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Two albumen photographs taken during the Fort Laramie Treaty conference, incl. a group of infantry officers. 1868. 2 albumen photographs, both 12 3/4 x 9 1/2 in. on original 19 1/4 x 14 1/8 in. mounts, with Gardner's imprint and "Scenes in the Indian County" printed on mount rectos, and with penciled captions to lower margins. The first features a group of mostly Army officers (likely of the 4th US Infantry) in uniform and one young child posed on the porch steps of "Old Bedlam," a military building used during the negotiations at Fort Laramie. The second features a trio of white men with horses and dogs in a valley below a hilltop bluff. After a deadly ambush of Captain William Fetterman's troops by a group of more than 2,000 Sioux along the Bozeman Trail in December of 1866, the United States initiated plans for a treaty conference purposed to "establish peace, define tribunal boundaries, and provide mechanisms for civilizing the Indians," as well as to hold the tribes collectively accountable to American laws. (Katz, D. Mark. Witness to an Era: The Life and Photographs of Alexander Gardner, 238). The result was the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie conference, which consisted of a series of meetings between US officials including peace commissioners and military representatives, and leaders of the Arapaho, Northern Cheyenne, Crow, and Brule, Oglala and Miniconjou Dakota, to negotiate the terms of the Treaty that would guarantee the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills in the Wyoming Territory and end Red Cloud's War. Alexander Gardner, working for the Indian Peace Commission, was the only photographer present at the Fort Laramie Treaty conference. Gardner arrived at Fort Laramie from Washington on 24 April and made photographs between late April and early May 1868. The conference brought together delegations of several tribes, including women and children, who lived in encampments during their stay at Fort Laramie. Gardner recorded the surrounding scenery as well as daily life in those encampments, along with the negotiations themselves, capturing activities like the distribution of gifts, the slaughter of cattle, women performing household chores, and even children playing. (Nottage, James. A Treaty in his Lens: Alexander Gardner Photographs Fort Laramie, 1868.") Gardner departed from the conference with around two hundred negatives, half of which were approximately 8 x 10 views, which would be published as "Scenes in the Indian Country," like the example offered here. Journalist Raymond J. DeMallie noted that the immense value of these images lies not only in their documentation of the commissions, but in their being the "earliest surviving photographic records of the Indians of the Northern Pains taken in their own territory." (Katz, 245). The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of Grey Eyes, Running Water, Mrs. Mora, Young Elk, and others at Fort Laramie. 1868.
    Oct. 24, 2025

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of Grey Eyes, Running Water, Mrs. Mora, Young Elk, and others at Fort Laramie. 1868.

    Est: $1,000 - $1,500

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of Grey Eyes, Running Water, Mrs. Mora, Young Elk, and others at Fort Laramie. 1868. 12 3/4 x 9 1/2 in. albumen photograph on original 19 1/4 x 14 1/8 in. mount. Gardner's imprint and "Scenes in the Indian Country" printed on mount below image, with penciled identifications to lower margin. Featured subjects include Grey Eyes, Running Water, Mrs. Mora, and Young Elk, among others including four unidentified children and a woman with a baby. The group is posed sitting or standing around a couple of metal pots and a kettle, with dry brush and brambles behind them and to the viewer's left. After a deadly ambush of Captain William Fetterman's troops by a group of more than 2,000 Sioux along the Bozeman Trail in December of 1866, the United States initiated plans for a treaty conference purposed to "establish peace, define tribunal boundaries, and provide mechanisms for civilizing the Indians," as well as to hold the tribes collectively accountable to American laws. (Katz, D. Mark. Witness to an Era: The Life and Photographs of Alexander Gardner, 238). The result was the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie conference, which consisted of a series of meetings between US officials including peace commissioners and military representatives, and leaders of the Arapaho, Northern Cheyenne, Crow, and Brule, Oglala and Miniconjou Dakota, to negotiate the terms of the Treaty that would guarantee the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills in the Wyoming Territory and end Red Cloud's War. Alexander Gardner, working for the Indian Peace Commission, was the only photographer present at the Fort Laramie Treaty conference. Gardner arrived at Fort Laramie from Washington on 24 April and made photographs between late April and early May 1868. The conference brought together delegations of several tribes, including women and children, who lived in encampments during their stay at Fort Laramie. Gardner recorded daily life in those encampments along with the negotiations themselves, capturing activities like the distribution of gifts, the slaughter of cattle, women performing household chores, and even children playing. (Nottage, James. A Treaty in his Lens: Alexander Gardner Photographs Fort Laramie, 1868.") Gardner departed from the conference with around two hundred negatives, half of which were approximately 8 x 10 views, which would be published as "Scenes in the Indian Country," like the example offered here. Journalist Raymond J. DeMallie noted that the immense value of these images lies not only in their documentation of the commissions, but in their being the "earliest surviving photographic records of the Indians of the Northern Pains taken in their own territory." (Katz, 245). The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of members of the Dakota Tribe at the Fort Laramie Council butchering a cow. 1868.
    Oct. 24, 2025

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of members of the Dakota Tribe at the Fort Laramie Council butchering a cow. 1868.

    Est: $2,000 - $3,000

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of members of the Dakota Tribe at the Fort Laramie Council butchering a cow. 1868. 12 3/4 x 9 1/2 in. albumen photograph on original 19 1/4 x 14 1/8 in. mount. Gardner's imprint and "Scenes in the Indian Country" printed on mount below image. Penciled caption to lower right margin. Depicted is a group of male Dakotas gathered around as a member of their group, completely blurred from motion, butchers a steer on the ground. The leftmost subject is mounted, and the centermost subject holds a bow horizontally with one hand. The partly butchered steer appears to the lower right corner of the image. Published in Katz, Mark D. Witness to an Era: The Life and Photographs of Alexander Gardner (p. 248). After a deadly ambush of Captain William Fetterman's troops by a group of more than 2,000 Sioux along the Bozeman Trail in December of 1866, the United States initiated plans for a treaty conference purposed to "establish peace, define tribunal boundaries, and provide mechanisms for civilizing the Indians," as well as to hold the tribes collectively accountable to American laws. (Katz, 238). The result was the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie conference, which consisted of a series of meetings between US officials including peace commissioners and military representatives, and leaders of the Arapaho, Northern Cheyenne, Crow, and Brule, Oglala and Miniconjou Dakota, to negotiate the terms of the Treaty that would guarantee the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills in the Wyoming Territory and end Red Cloud's War. Alexander Gardner, working for the Indian Peace Commission, was the only photographer present at the Fort Laramie Treaty conference. Gardner arrived at Fort Laramie from Washington on 24 April and made photographs between late April and early May 1868. The conference brought together delegations of several tribes, including women and children, who lived in encampments during their stay at Fort Laramie. Gardner recorded daily life in those encampments along with the negotiations themselves, capturing activities like the distribution of gifts, the slaughter of cattle (like the example offered here), women performing household chores, and even children playing. (Nottage, James. A Treaty in his Lens: Alexander Gardner Photographs Fort Laramie, 1868.") Gardner departed from the conference with around two hundred negatives, half of which were approximately 8 x 10 in. views, which would be published as "Scenes in the Indian Country," like the example offered here. Journalist Raymond J. DeMallie noted that the immense value of these images lies not only in their documentation of the commissions, but in their being the "earliest surviving photographic records of the Indians of the Northern Pains taken in their own territory." (Katz, 245). The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Two albumen photographs of Sioux leaders at Fort Laramie, incl. Old Man Afraid of His Horses, Spotted Tail, and Fast Bear. 1868.
    Oct. 24, 2025

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Two albumen photographs of Sioux leaders at Fort Laramie, incl. Old Man Afraid of His Horses, Spotted Tail, and Fast Bear. 1868.

    Est: $4,000 - $6,000

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Two albumen photographs of Sioux leaders at Fort Laramie, incl. Old Man Afraid of His Horses, Spotted Tail, and Fast Bear. 1868. 12 3/4 x 9 1/2 in. albumen photograph on original 19 1/4 x 14 1/8 mount with Gardner's imprint and "Scenes in the Indian Country" printed on mount recto. Penciled identifications of subjects to lower margin. Featured centrally is a group of Sioux subjects standing in a row and wearing blankets (one with his back to the camera), with additional seated subjects to either side. Subjects identified in pencil as: Palladan, Fast Bear, Spotted Tail, White Eyes, Swift Bear, Whirlwind Soldier, Big Man on Mule's wife, and Big Partgan's Daughter. Another version of this image curated by the Amon Carter Museum of American Art includes a printed label on verso with caption reading, "Old Man Afraid of his Horses and his Chiefs." 12 1/2 x 9 1/2 in. albumen photograph on 17 1/2 x 13 5/8 in. cardstock mount lacking Gardner's imprint but known to have been taken by him at Fort Laramie. Penciled identifications appear on mount recto, reading, "Brule Sioux / Spotted Tail, Fast Bear." The two braves stand together wearing blankets and single feathers atop their heads. After a deadly ambush of Captain William Fetterman's troops by a group of more than 2,000 Sioux along the Bozeman Trail in December of 1866, the United States initiated plans for a treaty conference purposed to "establish peace, define tribunal boundaries, and provide mechanisms for civilizing the Indians," as well as to hold the tribes collectively accountable to American laws. (Katz, D. Mark. Witness to an Era: The Life and Photographs of Alexander Gardner, 238). The result was the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie conference, which consisted of a series of meetings between US officials including peace commissioners and military representatives, and leaders of the Arapaho, Northern Cheyenne, Crow, and Brule, Oglala and Miniconjou Dakota, to negotiate the terms of the Treaty that would guarantee the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills in the Wyoming Territory and end Red Cloud's War. Alexander Gardner, working for the Indian Peace Commission, was the only photographer present at the Fort Laramie Treaty conference. Gardner arrived at Fort Laramie from Washington on 24 April and made photographs between late April and early May 1868. The conference brought together delegations of several tribes, including women and children, who lived in encampments during their stay at Fort Laramie. Gardner recorded daily life in those encampments along with the negotiations themselves, capturing activities like the distribution of gifts, the slaughter of cattle, women performing household chores, and even children playing. (Nottage, James. "A Treaty in His Lens: Alexander Gardner Photographs Fort Laramie, 1868.") Gardner departed from the conference with around two hundred negatives, half of which were approximately 8 x 10 in. views, which would be published as "Scenes in the Indian Country," like the first example offered here. Journalist Raymond J. DeMallie noted that the immense value of these images lies not only in their documentation of the commissions, but in their being the "earliest surviving photographic records of the Indians of the Northern Pains taken in their own territory." (Katz, 245). The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Lakota braves Lone Horn, Pipe, Grass and Young Elk at Fort Laramie.
    Oct. 24, 2025

    [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Lakota braves Lone Horn, Pipe, Grass and Young Elk at Fort Laramie.

    Est: $2,000 - $3,000

    [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Albumen photograph of Lakota braves Lone Horn, Pipe, Grass and Young Elk at Fort Laramie. 12 1/8 x 9 in. unmounted albumen photograph, lacking Gardner's credit but known to have been taken by him at Fort Laramie. A similar image taken from nearly the exact same vantage point, with the same wooden structures in the background, features a larger group of Sioux representatives attending the Treaty conference, including some of the same men as featured here, is published in Katz, D. Mark. Witness to an Era: The Life and Photographs of Alexander Gardner, 249). After a deadly ambush of Captain William Fetterman's troops by a group of more than 2,000 Sioux along the Bozeman Trail in December of 1866, the United States initiated plans for a treaty conference purposed to "establish peace, define tribunal boundaries, and provide mechanisms for civilizing the Indians," as well as to hold the tribes collectively accountable to American laws. (Katz, 238). The result was the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie conference, which consisted of a series of meetings between US officials including peace commissioners and military representatives, and leaders of the Arapaho, Northern Cheyenne, Crow, and Brule, Oglala and Miniconjou Dakota, to negotiate the terms of the Treaty that would guarantee the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills in the Wyoming Territory and end Red Cloud's War. Alexander Gardner, working for the Indian Peace Commission, was the only photographer present at the Fort Laramie Treaty conference. Gardner arrived at Fort Laramie from Washington on 24 April and made photographs between late April and early May 1868. The conference brought together delegations of several tribes, including women and children, who lived in encampments during their stay at Fort Laramie. Gardner recorded the surrounding scenery as well as daily life in those encampments, along with the negotiations themselves, capturing activities like the distribution of gifts, the slaughter of cattle, women performing household chores, and even children playing. (Nottage, James. "A Treaty in His Lens: Alexander Gardner Photographs Fort Laramie, 1868.") Gardner departed from the conference with around two hundred negatives, half of which were approximately 8 x 10 views, which would be published as "Scenes in the Indian Country." Journalist Raymond J. DeMallie noted that the immense value of these images lies not only in their documentation of the commissions, but in their being the "earliest surviving photographic records of the Indians of the Northern Pains taken in their own territory." (Katz, 245). The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of council meeting at Fort Laramie, showing multiple commissioners with Arapaho and Cheyenne leaders. May 1868.
    Oct. 24, 2025

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of council meeting at Fort Laramie, showing multiple commissioners with Arapaho and Cheyenne leaders. May 1868.

    Est: $3,000 - $5,000

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Albumen photograph of council meeting at Fort Laramie, showing multiple commissioners with Arapaho and Cheyenne leaders. May 1868. 9 1/2 x 12 3/4 in. albumen photograph on original 14 x 19 in. mount. Gardner's imprint and "Scenes in the Indian Country" printed on mount below image. Penciled caption to lower right margin. Featured tribal leaders include Spotted Bear, Old Man Afraid of His Horses, Big Mouth, and Pawnee Killer. US representatives include General William S. Harney, General William T. Sherman, General Alfred H. Terry, Senator John B. Sanborn, General C.C. Augur, J.B. Henderson, Nathanial G. Taylor, and Samuel F. Tappan. The subjects are gathered in council in a tented structure, with the Native representatives sitting on the ground and the US commissioners seated on wooden crates and boxes. Published in Katz, Mark D. Witness to an Era: The Life and Photographs of Alexander Gardner (p. 245). After a deadly ambush of Captain William Fetterman's troops by a group of more than 2,000 Sioux along the Bozeman Trail in December of 1866, the United States initiated plans for a treaty conference purposed to "establish peace, define tribunal boundaries, and provide mechanisms for civilizing the Indians," as well as to hold the tribes collectively accountable to American laws. (Katz, 238). The result was the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie conference, which consisted of a series of meetings between US officials including peace commissioners and military representatives, and leaders of the Arapaho, Northern Cheyenne, Crow, and Brule, Oglala and Miniconjou Dakota, to negotiate the terms of the Treaty that would guarantee the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills in the Wyoming Territory and end Red Cloud's War. Alexander Gardner, working for the Indian Peace Commission, was the only photographer present at the Fort Laramie Treaty conference. Gardner arrived at Fort Laramie from Washington on 24 April and made photographs between late April and early May 1868. The conference brought together delegations of several tribes, including women and children, who lived in encampments during their stay at Fort Laramie. Gardner recorded daily life in those encampments along with the negotiations themselves, capturing activities like the distribution of gifts, the slaughter of cattle, women performing household chores, and even children playing. (Nottage, James. "A Treaty in His Lens: Alexander Gardner Photographs Fort Laramie, 1868.") Gardner departed from the conference with around two hundred negatives, half of which were approximately 8 x 10 in. views, which would be published as "Scenes in the Indian Country," like the example offered here. Journalist Raymond J. DeMallie noted that the immense value of these images lies not only in their documentation of the commissions, but in their being the "earliest surviving photographic records of the Indians of the Northern Pains taken in their own territory." (Katz, 245). The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. CDV of the Sauk and Fox delegation. Washington, DC: Philip & Solomons, February 1867.
    Oct. 24, 2025

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. CDV of the Sauk and Fox delegation. Washington, DC: Philip & Solomons, February 1867.

    Est: $700 - $1,000

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. CDV of the Sauk and Fox delegation. Washington, DC: Philip & Solomons, February 1867. CDV on cardstock mount with Gardner's Washington, DC imprint on verso. Variant of a CDV illustrated in Witness to an Era: The Life and Photographs of Alexander Gardner by D. Mark Katz (p. 236). Taken in Washington, DC, in February 1867, this rare photograph of the Sauk and Fox delegation represents one of Gardner's first commissions to photograph Indian delegations that were visiting the capital with great frequency (see Katz, p. 235 for more information). Provenance: Cowan's, Historic Americana, 9 June 2005, Lot 1188. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Indians on Visit to their "Great Father." Washington, DC, 23 February 1867.
    Oct. 24, 2025

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Indians on Visit to their "Great Father." Washington, DC, 23 February 1867.

    Est: $20,000 - $30,000

    GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Indians on Visit to their "Great Father." Washington, DC, 23 February 1867. Albumen photograph, 12 3/4 x 18 3/4 in.: mounted on thin, gold-ruled cardstock with letterpress title and credit line for Alexander Gardner, and Publisher, Philips and Solomon. In the years following the Civil War, Americans flocked to Western lands by the thousands. Conflict with Native groups who had resided in this vast territory for thousands of years quickly turned bloody. In July, 1867, Congress authorized the creation of an Indian Peace Commission with goals of securing lasting peace, protecting settlers, gaining access to Native lands for the Trans-continental railroad and establishing reservations where Native peoples could be assimilated into white society. The unspoken goal was to completely disenfranchise the semi-nomadic Plains peoples from lands they had occupied for thousands of years. In 1867 delegations of important leaders from the Yankton, Santee, Upper Missouri Sioux, Sac and Fox, Ojibwe, Ottawa, Kickapoo, and Miami tribes traveled to Washington, D.C. to participate in treaty negotiations This photograph captures members of the various delegation members standing before the White House balcony with President Andrew Johnson in the center flanked by U.S. Indian Commissioner Lewis V. Bogy and Secretary of the Interior Orville H. Browning. Father Pierre Jean-De Smet, a Jesuit Missionary who worked tirelessly for native peoples stands at the railing at the base of a column to the right, surrounded by Native peoples. Many of the Native delegates were photographed multiple times by Gardner during this trip and with magnification are identifiable as to name and group. In October 1868, eight months after the White House visit , the Commission was disbanded after having negotiated multiple treaties with dozens of Plains and Southwest bands at Medicine Lodge, Fort Laramie, and Bosque Redondo. Before the ink was dried, depredations began anew. Ultimately, an official policy of assimilation was replaced by one of armed conquest. The Bureau of Indian Affairs was moved from the Interior Department to the Department of War, and a decade of war commenced. A rare, and remarkable photograph, we could find only two institutional holdings at the National Museum of the American Indian and The Wisconsin Historical Society. The Larry Ness Collection of Native American Photography

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • Carte-de-visite photograph signed ("A. Lincoln") by Alexander Gardner, 9 August 1863.
    May. 21, 2025

    Carte-de-visite photograph signed ("A. Lincoln") by Alexander Gardner, 9 August 1863.

    Est: $40,000 - $60,000

    [LINCOLN, Abraham (1809-1865)]. GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Carte-de-visite photograph signed ("A. Lincoln"). Washington, D.C., 9 August 1863. Carte de visite; 3 1/2 x 2 3/16 in. (89 x 63 mm), affixed to 3 7/8 x 2 15/16 in. (100 x 77 mm) gilt-ruled mount. Boldly signed by Lincoln on mount below image. Toning; occasional spotting; wear to edges; top corners of print and mount rounded; abrasion to recto. A BOLDLY SIGNED CARTE DE VISITE OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN AS PHOTOGRAPHED BY ALEXANDER GARDNER. One of a series of six images of the President taken by Alexander Gardner in Washington, D.C., on 9 August 1863. The photograph shows Lincoln seated, looking up from his copy of that day's pro-Union paper The Washington Daily Morning Chronicle with spectacles in hand. John Hay, Lincoln's secretary, wrote about this session in his diary, "I went down with the President to have his picture taken at Gardner's. He was in very good spirits" (Ostendorf O-71, pp. 130-134). Provenance: Louise Taper, Beverly Hills, California Exhibition: The Last Best Hope of Earth: Abraham Lincoln and the Promise of America, Huntington Library, October 1993-August 1994 Property from the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Foundation This lot is located in Chicago.

    Freeman’s
  • [NATIVE AMERICANS]. [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Cabinet card of Big Head, Upper Yanktonai. [Washington, DC, ca 1872].
    May. 01, 2025

    [NATIVE AMERICANS]. [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Cabinet card of Big Head, Upper Yanktonai. [Washington, DC, ca 1872].

    Est: $500 - $700

    [NATIVE AMERICANS]. [GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer]. Cabinet card of Big Head, Upper Yanktonai. [Washington, DC, ca 1872]. Cabinet photograph on cardstock mount of Big Head, Na-Su-Na-Tunka, Sans Arc Sioux. Uncredited, but originally taken by Alexander Gardner. Manuscript identification in lower margin, "Big Head." Verso with manuscript notation in an unknown hand, "Upper Yanktonais [sic]." Provenance: Acquired from an October 2024 auction containing material identified to General David Sloane Stanley (1828-1902) (consignor notes). After graduating from West Point in 1852, Stanley was assigned to frontier duty. He was stationed at various forts in the Dakota Territory, Indian Territory, and Kansas, where he aided in quelling disturbances at the Kansas border in 1856. When the Civil War began, he was given command of a division in the Western Theater, participating in numerous battles over the next three years. He was wounded in the neck at the Battle of Franklin and later received the Medal of Honor for his actions (November 1864). Following the Civil War, Stanley was appointed colonel of the 22nd US Infantry, primarily serving in the Dakota Territory until 1874. He was the Commanding Officer at Fort Sully, Dakota Territory, from 1867-1873. Stanley also commanded the Yellowstone expedition of 1873, encouraging settlement in the area. It is possible that the photograph offered here was inscribed in Stanley's hand. This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • [NATIVE AMERICANS]. GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Cabinet card of Black Eye, Sans Arc Sioux. Washington, DC, ca 1872.
    May. 01, 2025

    [NATIVE AMERICANS]. GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Cabinet card of Black Eye, Sans Arc Sioux. Washington, DC, ca 1872.

    Est: $500 - $700

    [NATIVE AMERICANS]. GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Cabinet card of Black Eye, Sans Arc Sioux. Washington, DC, ca 1872. Cabinet photograph on cardstock mount of Black Eye, or Ish-tah-sah-pah, Sans Arc Sioux. Manuscript identification in lower margin, "Black Eye." Verso with Gardner's Washington, DC, imprint and manuscript notation in an unknown hand, "Upper Yanktonais [sic], Our Indian Friend in our house among the Sioux of Fort Sully, Dacotah [sic] for 7 years." Provenance: Acquired from an October 2024 auction containing material identified to General David Sloane Stanley (1828-1902) (consignor notes). After graduating from West Point in 1852, Stanley was assigned to frontier duty. He was stationed at various forts in the Dakota Territory, Indian Territory, and Kansas, where he aided in quelling disturbances at the Kansas border in 1856. When the Civil War began, he was given command of a division in the Western Theater, participating in numerous battles over the next three years. He was wounded in the neck at the Battle of Franklin and later received the Medal of Honor for his actions (November 1864). Following the Civil War, Stanley was appointed colonel of the 22nd US Infantry, primarily serving in the Dakota Territory until 1874. He was the Commanding Officer at Fort Sully, Dakota Territory, from 1867-1873, so it is entirely possible that the photograph offered here was inscribed in Stanley's hand. Following his time at Fort Sully, Stanley commanded the Yellowstone expedition of 1873, encouraging settlement in the area. This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • [NATIVE AMERICANS]. GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Cabinet card of Walking Shooter, Hunkpapa. Washington, DC, ca 1872.
    May. 01, 2025

    [NATIVE AMERICANS]. GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Cabinet card of Walking Shooter, Hunkpapa. Washington, DC, ca 1872.

    Est: $500 - $700

    [NATIVE AMERICANS]. GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Cabinet card of Walking Shooter, Hunkpapa. Washington, DC, ca 1872. Cabinet photograph on cardstock mount of "Walking Shooter," as identified in lower margin. With verso notation, "Oncpapa [sic], Walking Shooter, Our Indian Friends, Fort Sully, 1870." Provenance: Acquired from an October 2024 auction containing material identified to General David Sloane Stanley (1828-1902) (consignor notes). After graduating from West Point in 1852, Stanley was assigned to frontier duty. He was stationed at various forts in the Dakota Territory, Indian Territory, and Kansas, where he aided in quelling disturbances at the Kansas border in 1856. When the Civil War began, he was given command of a division in the Western Theater, participating in numerous battles over the next three years. He was wounded in the neck at the Battle of Franklin and later received the Medal of Honor for his actions (November 1864). Following the Civil War, Stanley was appointed colonel of the 22nd US Infantry, primarily serving in the Dakota Territory until 1874. He was the Commanding Officer at Fort Sully, Dakota Territory, from 1867-1873, so it is entirely possible that the photograph offered here was inscribed in Stanley's hand. Following his time at Fort Sully, Stanley commanded the Yellowstone expedition of 1873, encouraging settlement in the area. This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
  • [NATIVE AMERICANS]. GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Cabinet card of Two Bears, Lower Yanktonai. Washington, DC, ca 1872.
    May. 01, 2025

    [NATIVE AMERICANS]. GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Cabinet card of Two Bears, Lower Yanktonai. Washington, DC, ca 1872.

    Est: $500 - $700

    [NATIVE AMERICANS]. GARDNER, Alexander (1821-1882), photographer. Cabinet card of Two Bears, Lower Yanktonai. Washington, DC, ca 1872. Cabinet photograph on cardstock mount of "Two Bears / Died at Standing Rock Agency, 1878," as identified in lower margin. With verso notation "Lower Yanktonais [sic]." Two Bears, head chief of the Lower Yanktonai, was involved in the Battle of Whitestone Hill in 1863. On the heels of the Minnesota uprising, which created concern over hostilities between Native Americans and White settlers, two regiments of the US Cavalry were sent to quell any uprisings and attacked an encampment at Whitestone Hill, killing many Native Americans over a three-day period. Two Bears survived the attack and returned to Standing Rock, where he served as an interpreter at the July 1867 treaty commission meeting at Fort Rice, signed the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868, and participated in the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876. Provenance: Acquired from an October 2024 auction containing material identified to General David Sloane Stanley (1828-1902) (consignor notes). After graduating from West Point in 1852, Stanley was assigned to frontier duty. He was stationed at various forts in the Dakota Territory, Indian Territory, and Kansas, where he aided in quelling disturbances at the Kansas border in 1856. When the Civil War began, he was given command of a division in the Western Theater, participating in numerous battles over the next three years. He was wounded in the neck at the Battle of Franklin and later received the Medal of Honor for his actions (November 1864). Following the Civil War, Stanley was appointed colonel of the 22nd US Infantry, primarily serving in the Dakota Territory until 1874. He was the Commanding Officer at Fort Sully, Dakota Territory, from 1867-1873, so it is entirely possible that the photograph offered here was inscribed in Stanley's hand. Following his time at Fort Sully, Stanley commanded the Yellowstone expedition of 1873, encouraging settlement in the area. This lot is located in Cincinnati.

    Freeman’s | Hindman
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